xxxxx The Continuity Pages-
- FRANK MILLER-
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Introduction
Frank Miller is one of the most influential people in American comics. His work, while still quite young, on Marvel's Daredevil in the early 1980s gained him celebrity and helped to generate the revisionist movement in American super-heroics. His 1983-1984 mini-series for DC Comics, entitled Ronin, was a trailblazer for creator control and better printing processes. In 1986, Miller unleashed a series of works that were revolutionary and that still remain widely influential: his seminal The Dark Knight Returns; his collaborations with David Mazzucchelli on Daredevil's Born Again storyline and then on Batman's Year One; and his collaborations with Bill Sienkiewicz on the Daredevil graphic novel, Love and War, and on the highly experimental Elektra: Assassin.
Following this, Miller moved to Hollywood and worked on the clever Robocop 2, released in 1990; Miller also worked on Robocop 3, released in 1993. 1990 saw his delayed masterpiece, Elektra Lives Again; 1993 saw Miller return to Daredevil with The Man Without Fear, illustrated by John Romita, Jr. Miller also collaborated with Geof Darrow on Hard Boiled and The Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot. He collaborated with Dave Gibbons on the Martha Washington series, beginning with Give Me Liberty.
1991 saw the debut of Miller's long-running independent series, the stylistic black-and-white series Sin City; several mini-series, one-shots, and graphic novels would follow. In 1993 and 1994, Miller wrote an issue of Spawn for Image Comics, returning to write Spawn / Batman, his first work with Batman since the mid-1980s. In 1997, his Bad Boy one-shot was published. And in 1998, he took a break from his continuing Sin City work to create 300, a beautiful historical work about Spartans during the Persian Wars.
2001 saw Miller's much-celebrated return to Batman with the very successful The Dark Knight Strikes Again. He remains a vital voice in American comics, and even his more obscure work is very much worth following.
Miller's miscellaneous projects are as follows:

Following these is a list of other sites of interest.

CONTENTS
PERIODICALS
BOOKS
  • 300 #1-5
  • Bad Boy
  • Martha Washington Goes to War #1-5
  • Martha Washington Saves the World #1-3
  • Tales to Offend #1
  • 300
  • Give Me Liberty
  • Give Me Liberty #1-4
  • Martha Washington Goes to War
  • Martha Washington Saves the World
  • Ronin
  • Ronin #1-6
  • Ronin
    Ronin was a six-issue mini-series, published in the prestige format by DC in 1983. The series is remembered as historically important for creative freedom: Miller was given unprecedented creative freedom for a mainstream publisher. Ronin is also remembered for its format: it was the first series published in the prestige format, books of 48 pages on thicker, slicker paper -- in a time when most comics were still newsprint.
    Moreover, the series is remembered for Miller experimenting with panel constructions, pacing, and artistic style. Unburdened by the restraints of work-for-hire on company-owned super-heroes, as well as the limitations of newsprint, Miller formulated a new artistic style, distinct from his earlier
    Daredevil work -- setting the artistic stage for Miller's seminal The Dark Knight Returns. Even the offset printing of comics in real color required some attention, including visits to the press to make sure the comic correctly carried Lynn Varley's moody color.
    The series itself featured a samurai from 13th-Century fuedal Japan, cast into the future along with his demonic, magical adversary. (Although few would say it, this premise would also be that of Cartoon Network's acclaimed Samurai Jack.) Both the choice of protagonist and the artistic style -- including the slower, more deliberate pacing -- was influenced by Miller's study of manga, primarily Lone Wolf and Cub. The equally compelling and amusing future into which the out-of-place honor-bound protagonist is thrown was characterized by an expanding mechanical building that consumed the city in which it was placed, and has been characterized as cyberpunk.

    IMAGE
    TITLE
    DESCRIPTION
    STATUS
    Ronin #1
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    Ronin #2
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    Ronin #3
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    Ronin #4
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    Ronin #5
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    Ronin #6
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    Ronincollects Ronin #1-6
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    Martha Washington
    The story of Martha Washington, always written by Frank Miller and illustrated by Dave Gibbons, began in Give Me Liberty, a four-issue prestige-format mini-series published by Dark Horse Comics in 1992. Begun in conversations between Miller and Gibbons in the mid-to-late 1980s, in the wake of their stellar successes on The Dark Knight Returns and Watchmen (respectively): a series blending political satire and Americana (for which the English Gibbons had a particular passion) began to be developed. The hero would be someone who rose from abject circumstances through self-pity to become a truly heroic figure, and to emphasize this initial difficulties Miller made the protagonist a poor black woman named Martha Washington -- a name with rich American resonance. The setting would be the near future, as the United States had broken up into several extremist nations. Some of the most powerful sequences were those of young Martha growing up in a ghetto, using her intelligence subversively, and joining the military as a way out. Among the creative characters in the series was the Surgeon General, a government minister who interpreted the removal of disease rather liberally. Among the creative devices in the series was a gigantic robot of the mascot of the Big Boy fast food hamburger company, a robot outfitted with cannons and weapons and that marched through the rainforest to secure it for the company's beef interests. A wild romp through political satire and a bizarre, dystopian future America, the series remains memorable if not quite revolutionary.
    Give Me Liberty was followed by the five-issue mini-series Martha Washington Goes to War in 1995, also published by Dark Horse Comics. The three-issue mini-series, Martha Washington Saves the World, followed in 1999.

    IMAGE
    TITLE
    DESCRIPTION
    STATUS
    Give Me Liberty #1
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    Give Me Liberty #2
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    Give Me Liberty #3
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    Give Me Liberty #4
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    Give Me Libertycollects Give Me Liberty #1-4
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    Martha Washington Goes to War #1
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    Martha Washington Goes to War #2
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    Martha Washington Goes to War #3
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    Martha Washington Goes to War #4
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    Martha Washington Goes to War #5
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    Martha Washington Goes to Warcollects Martha Washington Goes to War #1-5; published in November 1995
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    Martha Washington Saves the World #1
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    Martha Washington Saves the World #2
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    Martha Washington Saves the World #3
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    Martha Washington Saves the Worldcollects Martha Washington Saves the World #1-3; published in 1999
    1

    Short Works
    Tales to Offend was a delightful little book, a single issue with two tales of the delightfully horrible space adventurer Lance Blastoff -- as well as a Sin City short.
    Bad Boy is a brief graphic novella that was published in a single, oversized issue. Drawn by Simon Bisley, it was published by Oni Press in 1997.

    IMAGE
    TITLE
    DESCRIPTION
    STATUS
    Tales to Offend #1contains two stories featuring the delightfully horrible space adventurer Lance Blastoff, plus the 8-page Sin City tale "Daddy's Little Girl"; features a cover in the EC style; cover-dated July 1997
    0
    Bad Boylarger than magazine size; published by Oni Press
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    300
    300 was published by Dark Horse Comics as a five-issue mini-series in 1998. Featuring an artistic style closest to Miller's Sin City work, though modified for color, the series was a feast for the eyes, using the two pages as its central unit, with large images and inset series of panels running over the fold between pages. The story was historical, that of the Spartans' brave stand in 480 B.C. -- during the Persian Wars -- at the mountain pass called the "Hot Gates." The tough Spartans do not talk overly much, and the dialogue of the series is mercilessly sparse -- as well as touching.

    IMAGE
    TITLE
    DESCRIPTION
    STATUS
    300 #1
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    300 #2
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    300 #3
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    300 #4
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    300 #5
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    Larger Version Available
    300collects 300 #1-5; twice the width as normal comics, allowing Miller's double-page spreads to breathe beautifully on a single, wide page; hardcover
    [REVIEW AND PURCHASE THIS BOOK]
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    On Frank Miller
    Books on American comics and scholarly study of the same, once quite rare, were steadily on the rise when The Comics Journal, the longest-running sophisticated magazine on American comics, announced with little fanfare that it would begin a series of books entitled The Comics Journal Library that would collect the interviews from the journal's history, organized by creator with some new material. Though the first volume was on Jack Kirby, the second was devoted to Frank Miller and represents a significant source for studying Miller's body of work.

    IMAGE
    TITLE
    DESCRIPTION
    STATUS
    The Comics Journal Library, Volume Two: Frank Millercollects interviews from The Comics Journal #70 (from 1981), #101 (from 1985), #118 (from 1987), and two separate interviews from #209 (from 1998), along with a new interview for this volume; the 1987 interview, which concerns censorship, has three similarly-themed sidebars, (1) excerpts of Miller's statements from a panel conversation published in The Comics Journal #77, (2) a letter by Miller from #97, and (3) a short interview of Miller from #113; Elvis Mitchell introduction; includes a career overview by Larry Rodman; uses much art from Miller's work, including covers and a few obscure pieces (including pages of movie scripts) available nowhere else; published by Fantagraphics Books in 2003
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    Other Sites of Interest
    On The Continuity Pages / continuitypages.com
    Frank Miller Chronology
    An annotated, hyperlinked chronology of Frank Miller's work.
    The Continuity Pages: Sin City
    The continuity page for Frank Miller's Sin City.
    The Continuity Pages: Daredevil
    The continuity page for Marvel's Daredevil, also incorporating Elektra, including Miller's seminal work on those characters.
    The Continuity Pages: Batman
    The continuity page for DC's Batman, including Miller's revolutionary work with the character.
    "The Cult of the Writer"
    An essay by Julian Darius on the role of the writer in comic book history.
    Off-Site
    Please be aware that the continued quality, and even existence, of these sites cannot be guaranteed.
    The Frank Miller Resource
    Limited but useful information.
    The Complete Works of Dark Knight Returns artist Frank Miller
    An index.
    PersianCaesar
    The website of author Julian Darius, creator of The Continuity Pages.
    In Association with Amazon.com
    Please support (y)our site.
    First published online on 12 August 2003. These comics and related characters and art are copyrighted by their respective owners. This site is copyrighted by Julian Darius and intended for scholarly purposes and to increase interest in its topic.